鼓膜可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他肿瘤.. Urachal Cyst 肩尿管上皮细胞A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )肩尿管上皮细胞见于肩和小肠二者之间，通常座落在肩尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅座落在肩下。这些上皮细胞可展示出为完全无回声或高回声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 三幅11A，肩尿管上皮细胞，此上皮细胞已受病毒感染，实质上含有稀薄回声的液体。B，肩尿管上皮细胞，紧绷的上皮细胞前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis增生增生癌变Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).面有增生增生癌变是增生复发的长期合并症，无特殊展示出，但可于实际上手术的瘢痕一处见一局部肿物，并有周期病态的疼痛和水肿。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 三幅12 ，剖宫产脸部一处增生增生癌变

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 面有血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).肩直肌鞘血肿可发生发烧病态痉挛后、口水或抑郁症发烧后，其根本原因通常是抗凝治疗或出血病态疾病。由于血肿限制于肩直肌鞘内，通常不极大，其形状根据所一处前方而定，在弓形该线以上，血肿常为基部，天文单位红褐色上下方向，可于一侧见到（三幅13A）；在弓形该线表列，由于肩白该线缺如，可扩大横过中该线，因此血肿展示出为分螺旋状，其最大尺寸座落在横轴上。在产妇面有血肿可见于肩上横向扩大（三幅13B、C）。术后弥散病态血管内凝血的病患可于面有手术瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（三幅13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 三幅13A，一中年妇女间歇性痉挛后肩直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示肩横筋膜。B，产妇面有血肿。C，一产妇肩微血管附着一处上面的面有血肿。UV，肩微血管。D，一弥散病态血管内凝血的剖宫产术后病患疤痕一处面有血肿。

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